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math:3x3numbersystems

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Lab46 Tutorials

Solving 3 x 3 Number Systems

An Exploration of Methods

Eq1→ <latex>3x - 3y + 2z = 11</latex>
Eq2→ <latex>3x + y - 3z = 11</latex>
Eq3→ <latex>15x - y - 2z = 0</latex>

### Step 1:

Use the addition method to remove one of the variables from the equation. To do this, choose two of the equations and multiply each by any given multiple, such that each equation contains opposing (complimentary) coefficients for at least one variable. This step may, in some situations, cause two variables to drop out if you're lucky. In this case, multiplying <latex>3x + y - 3z = 11</latex> by <latex>-1</latex> will result in <latex>-3x - y + 3z</latex>. Then, taking the sum of <latex>3x - 3y + 2z = 11</latex> and <latex>-3x - y + 3z</latex>, results in <latex>-4y + 5z = 0</latex>, an equation with one less variable.

Eq1 + (-1)Eq2

<latex> \begin{array}{3} -1(3x + y - 3z = 11)
\underline{+ 3x - 3y + 2z = 11}
-4y + 5z = 0
\end{array}
</latex>

At first, it may seem that you're only multiplying one equation by -3 and leaving the other alone, but it's important to note that leaving an equation alone is the same as multiplying it by 1.

### Step 2:

Use the addition method to remove the same variable from a different set of equations. To do this, choose two different equations and multiply each by a given multiple, such that each equation contains opposing coefficients for at least one variable. In this case, adding the value of <latex>3x - 3y + 2z = 11</latex> multiplied by <latex>-5</latex> to <latex>15x - y - 2z = 0</latex> produces a result of <latex>14y - 12z = -55</latex>.

(-5)Eq1 + Eq3

<latex> \begin{array}{3} -5(3x - 3y + 2z = 11)
\underline{+ 15x - y - 2z = 0}
14y - 12z = -55
.\end{array}
</latex>

### Step 3 (determinates of a 2x2 matrix)

Two new equations have been introduced. Use these new equations to find the missing variable.

Eq4 → <latex>-4y + 5z = 0 </latex>

Eq5 → <latex>14y - 12z = -55</latex>

Create 3 2 x 2 martices as follows:

• The first row of Matrix <latex> D </latex> contains the coefficients of <latex> z </latex> and <latex> y </latex> from <latex> Eq4 </latex>
• The second row of Matrix <latex> D </latex> contains the coefficients of <latex> z </latex> and <latex> y </latex> from <latex> Eq5 </latex>
• The first row of Matrix <latex> D_z </latex> contains the constant value and the coefficient of <latex> y </latex> from <latex> Eq4 </latex>
• The second row of Matrix <latex> D_z </latex> contains the constant value and the coefficient of <latex> y </latex> from <latex> Eq5 </latex>
• The first row of Matrix <latex> D_y </latex> contains the coefficient of <latex> z </latex> and the constant value from <latex> Eq4 </latex>
• The second row of Matrix <latex> D_y </latex> contains the coefficient of <latex> z </latex> and the constant value from <latex> Eq5 </latex>

<latex> y_1=-4 , y_2=14 </latex>

<latex> z_1=5 , z_2=-12 </latex>

<latex> C_1=0 , C_2=-55 </latex>

<latex> D = \left| \begin{array}{ccc} y_1 … z_1
\vdots \ddots \vdots
y_2 … z_2 \end{array} \right| </latex>

<latex> D_y = \left| \begin{array}{ccc} C_1 … z_1
\vdots \ddots \vdots
C_2 … z_2\end{array} \right| \to y = \frac{D_y}{D} \to y = \frac{(0)(-12)-(-55)(5)}{(-4)(-12)-(14)(5)} \to y = \frac{25}{2} </latex>

<latex> D_z = \left| \begin{array}{ccc} y_1 … C_1
\vdots \ddots \vdots
y_2 … C_2\end{array} \right| \to z = \frac{D_z}{D} \to y = \frac{(-4)(-55)-(14)(0)}{(-4)(-12)-(14)(5)} \to z = -10 </latex>

### Step 4: Solve it

Now that <latex> y </latex> and <latex> z </latex> have been determined, place these values into one of the initial equations to find the value of <latex> x </latex>.

<latex>
y = \frac{25}{2}

z = -10
</latex>

<latex>
3x - 3y + 2z = 11 \to 3x - 3(\frac{25}{2}) + 2(-10) = 11 \to x = \frac{3(\frac{25}{2}) + 2(-10) - 11}{3}

x = \frac{-13}{6} </latex>

## Determinants of the Third Order

General Form

<latex>a_1x + b_1y + c_1z = d_1</latex>
<latex>a_2x + b_2y + c_2z = d_2</latex>
<latex>a_3x + b_3y + c_3z = d_3</latex>

Equations given in general form can be solved using determinants with the following formulas:

<latex>
x= \frac{d_1b_2c_2 + d_3b_1c_2 + d_2b_3c_1 - d_3b_2c_1 - d_1b_3c_2 - d_2b_1c_3}{a_1b_2c_3 + a_3b_1c_2 + a_2b_3c_1 - a_3b_2c_1 - a_1b_2c_3 - a_2b_1c_3}

y= \frac{a_1d_2c_3 + a_3d_1c_2 + a_2d_3c_1 - a_3d_2c_1 - a_1d_3c_2 - a_2d_1c_3}{a_1b_2c_3 + a_3b_1c_2 + a_2b_3c_1 - a_3b_2c_1 - a_1b_2c_3 - a_2b_1c_3}

z= \frac{a_1b_2d_3 + a_3b_1d_2 + a_2b_3d_1 - a_3b_2d_1 - a_1b_3d_2 - a_2b_1d_3}{a_1b_2c_3 + a_3b_1c_2 + a_2b_3c_1 - a_3b_2c_1 - a_1b_2c_3 - a_2b_1c_3}
</latex>